What characteristics of fuel can affect engine performance?

The characteristics of fuel that can significantly affect engine performance include density, viscosity, and cetane number.

Density is crucial because it impacts the amount of fuel that can be delivered to the engine and affects combustion efficiency. If the fuel is too dense, it can lead to poor atomization, which can impair combustion and result in reduced power output and increased emissions.

Viscosity plays a critical role in how easily the fuel can be pumped and atomized within the fuel system. If the fuel has high viscosity, it can lead to difficulties in fuel flow, causing inconsistent fuel delivery and potentially affecting the combustion process.

Cetane number is particularly important for Diesel engines, as it determines the ignition quality of the fuel. A higher cetane number indicates better ignition properties, leading to more efficient combustion, smoother engine operation, and a reduction in emissions.

These characteristics collectively influence how well fuel performs in an engine, affecting not just power output but also efficiency and emissions.